The parts of an essay.
英作文の基本 · エッセイの組み立て方
Learn how an essay is built, part by part: the introduction, the thesis and topic sentences. Practice each one, then write your own. Everything is marked instantly.
The essay hamburger
ハンバーガーで考えよう · The two buns hold everything together. The filling is where your reasons go.
This plan is called the five-paragraph essay: one introduction, three body paragraphs and one conclusion.
Look at a real essay
実際のエッセイを見てみよう · Each color shows a different part. The thesis gives three reasons, and each body paragraph explains one of them.
Why Every Teenager Should Learn to Cook
Imagine coming home hungry and finding nothing to eat but a box of uncooked pasta.HOOK Many teenagers never learn to cook because their parents or the school cafeteria make their meals. However, cooking is a skill that everyone needs sooner or later.BACKGROUND Every teenager should learn to cook because it saves money, leads to healthier eating, and builds independence.THESIS
First, learning to cook saves money.TOPIC SENTENCE A meal at a restaurant usually costs much more than the same meal made at home. For example, a pizza from a restaurant might cost twenty dollars, but a homemade pizza costs only a few dollars for flour, sauce, and cheese.SUPPORTING DETAILS Clearly, cooking at home keeps more money in your pocket.CONCLUDING SENTENCE
In addition, people who cook usually eat healthier food.TOPIC SENTENCE When you cook, you choose exactly what goes into your meal. You can add more vegetables and use less salt, sugar, and oil.SUPPORTING DETAILS Because of this, cooking is an easy way to take care of your health.CONCLUDING SENTENCE
Finally, cooking helps teenagers become more independent.TOPIC SENTENCE In a few years, many students will move away from home for college or work. Those who can make simple meals will not have to depend on fast food or on their parents.SUPPORTING DETAILS In short, cooking is an important step toward taking care of yourself.CONCLUDING SENTENCE
In conclusion, learning to cook is one of the most useful skills a teenager can have.THESIS RESTATED It saves money, supports healthy eating, and prepares young people to live on their own.SUMMARY So the next time someone is making dinner at home, ask if you can help. You might discover a skill you will use for the rest of your life.FINAL THOUGHT
Start strong: five ways to begin
序論の書き出し5パターン · Your first sentence is the hook. Here are five ways to make the reader want more. Writers often mix two of them.
A question
質問“Have you ever wondered what life was like before smartphones?”
General to specific
一般から具体へStart with a big idea, then narrow it down to your topic.
A fact or number
事実・統計“Water covers about 70 percent of the Earth’s surface.”
A short story
エピソードA real moment, like the cooking essay’s “Imagine coming home hungry…”
A quotation
引用“Practice makes perfect,” or words from a famous person.
Practice: which way does each opening use? · どの書き出し方?
“Two heads are better than one.” This old saying is the idea behind job sharing, where two people share one full-time job.
When my grandfather was ten, he walked two hours to school every day, even in the snow. He never once complained.
Have you ever borrowed a friend’s homework “just to check your answers”?
Sports have been part of human life for thousands of years. One sport with an especially long history is karate.
About one-third of all the food produced in the world is lost or wasted.
The thesis formula
主張文の公式 · The thesis is the most important sentence in the essay. It tells the reader what to expect.
This essay is about cooking.
Topic only. No opinion and no reasons.Cooking is good.
An opinion, but the reader doesn’t know why.Every teenager should learn to cook because it saves money, leads to healthier eating, and builds independence.
Topic, opinion and three reasons. Each reason becomes one body paragraph.A good thesis… · よい主張文とは
- makes a claim or gives an opinion about the topic. 意見を述べる
- is specific about the topic. 具体的
- is clear and direct. 明確でまっすぐ
- leads the way for the body paragraphs. 本論を導く
- expresses only one main point. 主張は1つ
The three reasons are called predictors: they predict the topics of the body paragraphs. 3つの理由は本論の「予告」です。
Practice: good thesis, or does it need work? · よい主張文?
In this essay, I will talk about sports.
Schools should start later in the morning because students would sleep more, learn better, and arrive on time.
Social media is good and bad, and schools should also have longer holidays.
Tokyo has many trains.
Learning a second language is worth the effort because it opens doors to new friends, better jobs, and other cultures.
Thesis or topic sentence?
主張文とトピックセンテンスの違い · They look alike, but they do different jobs.
Tells the reader what to expect from the whole essay.
- Specific: an opinion with reasons
- Usually the last sentence of the introduction
- One per essay (restated in the conclusion)
Tells the reader what one paragraph is about.
- More general: one reason only
- Usually the first sentence of a body paragraph
- One for each body paragraph
Practice: topic sentence (To) or thesis (Th)? · To か Th か
